Journalism and Mass Communication 2019
- For calculating rank order correlation, which data type is most suitable?
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Explanation- The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient is a nonparametric measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables measured on at least an ordinal scale1. It is denoted by the symbol rs.
2. โRโ is a:
- Survey Collection Tool
- Data Analysis Software
- Big Data Crawler
- Citation Manager
Explanation- By Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, ‘R’ software like SPSS was designed as a statistical platform for data cleaning, analysis, and representation. This shows how popular R programming is in data science.
3. โDigital Divideโ is in context of:
- Information haves and information have-nots
- Access to Computers
- Access to the Internet
- All the above
Explanation- Digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology, and those that don’t or have restricted access. This technology can include the telephone, television, personal computers and the Internet2.
4. Data derived from reliable measurements or observation is known as:
- Experimental Data
- Empirical Data
- Ethnographic Data
- Electronic Data
Explanation- Empirical evidence is information acquired by observation or experimentation. Scientists record and analyse this data3.
5. Arrange the units of computer memory in ascending order.
- Terabyte
- Kilobyte
- Gigabyte
- Megabyte
- (a), (c), (d), (b)
- (a), (d), (b), (c)
- (b), (d), (c), (a)
- (b), (c), (d), (a)
Explanation- Units of Computer memory in ascending order.
Bit, Byte, Kilo Byte, Mega Byte, Giga Byte, Tera Byte, Peta Byte, Exa Byte,
Zetta Byte, Yota Byte, Bronto Byte.
6. Sustainable Developments Goal number 4 deals with:
- Poverty
- Gender
- Education
- Equality
Explanation- The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 20304.
GOAL 1: No Poverty; GOAL 2: Zero Hunger; GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being; GOAL 4: Quality Education; GOAL 5: Gender Equality; GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.
7. ———– refers to the use of digital tools to achieve Social and Political change.
- Media Activism
- Online Activism
- Vital Movement
- Digital Trolls
Explanation- Media activism is a broad category of activism that utilizes media and communication technologies for social and political movements5.
8. Gaining knowledge about the way media institutions work and how they produce content is known as
- Journalism Training
- Mass Communication Education
- Media and Information Literacy
- Communication Training
Explanation- Media Literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate and create media in a variety of forms and all these we receive through media6.
9. โOligopolyโ in media industry refers to:
- Industry monopolised by large number of media companies
- Industry monopolised by small number of media companies
- Industry monopolised by medium number of media companies
- None of the above
Explanation- An oligopoly is much like a monopoly, in which small number of firms or only single company has control over most of a market.
10. What is the purpose of pilot study in a research?
- To gauge suitability of conducting full study
- To find respondents for full study
- To finalise methodology for full study
- To finalise sampling for full study
Explanation- A pilot study is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project7.
11. Identify the theory whose core idea is that โtechnology shapes the cause of human evolutionโ.
- Technology Controlled Theory
- Technological Determinism Theory
- Technology Dissonance Theory
- Technological Resistivity Theory
Explanation- Technological determinism tries to understand how technology has had an impact on human action and thought8.
12. In which communication setting, transactional analysis is most suitable?
- Intra-personal communication
- Inter-personal communication
- Group Communication
- Mass Communication
Explanation- TA studies transactions amongst people and understands their interpersonal behavior. It was developed by Eric Berne, a psychotherapist.
13. USENET belongs to the period of:
- Pre Computer Network
- Pre WWW Network
- Client Network
- Internet
Explanation- USENET is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers and over a decade before the World Wide Web went online and the general public received access to the Internet, making it one of the oldest computer network communications systems9.
14. โFramingโ refers to the process by which the:
- Media places information into frame
- Media places news story into frame
- Media places event into frame
- All the above
Explanation- The Framing theory in media was first put forth by Goffman, under the title of Frame Analysis. The concept of framing is related to the agenda-setting tradition. The basis of framing theory is that the media focuses attention on certain events and then places them within a field of meaning10.
15. Non-parametric tests measure variables at:
- Ratio level
- Interval level
- Ordinal level
- Non-conditional level
Explanation- Nonparametric statistical tests are used instead of the parametric tests when the data is nominal or ordinal (rather than interval or ratio)11.
16. Find โmeanโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64
- 35
- 40
- 45
- 50
17. Find โmedianโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
18. Find โmodeโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64
- 51
- 49
- 42
- 38
19. Find โvarianceโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64
- 201.8
- 202.8
- 203.8
- 204.8
20. Find โStandard deviationโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64
- 14.28
- 15.28
- 16.28
- 17.28
21. Who proposed โABX Model of Communicationโ?
- Seven Windahl
- James Dearing
- Maxwell McCombs
- Thodore Newcomb
Explanation- The New Comb’s model or ‘ABX Model of Communication was introduced by Theodore M Newcomb in 1953.He concentrates on the social purpose of communication, showing all communication as a means of sustaining relationships between people12.
22. Term โDigital Nativesโ refers to people who have
- Inhabited the terrain from childhood
- Inhabited the terrain of the internet from adulthood
- Access to the internet occasionally
- Access to the internet always
Explanation- Digital natives are the opposite of digital immigrants; they have been interacting with technology from childhood13. Digital native is a term coined by Mark Prensky in 2001 used to describe the generation of people who grew up in the digital age14.
23. โCreative Commonโ (CC) gives license of:
- Complete freedom for share, use and build
- Complete freedom for share, use and build with attribution
- Complete freedom for share, use and built for non-commercial
- Complete freedom for share, use and build only under share alike
Explanation- A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that he or she (that author) has created.
There are six different Creative Commons licenses: CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND. The letter pairs indicate conditions for use15.
24. In โInformation Societyโ, the information has become the central and most significant:
- Resource
- Raw material
- Commodity
- Natural source
Explanation- Information Society is a term for a society in which the creation, distribution, and The economist Fritz Machlup develop the concept of the information society.
Closely related concepts are the post-industrial society (Daniel Bell) and network society (Manuel Castells)16.
25. A hypothesis that suggest that, changes in one variable cause changes in another, is referred to:
- Relational hypothesis
- Causal hypothesis
- Null hypothesis
- Associative hypothesis
Explanation-
- Causal hypotheses aim to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another17.
- Relational hypotheses aim to determine if relationships exist between a set of variables.
- A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables17.
- Alternative hypothesis is one that states there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables17.
26. Identity the โโOpen Source Softwareโโ from the following.
- Open office
- Microsoft office
- Linux OS
- Mac OS
(a)and (c) (a), (c) and (d) (b) and (c) (b) and (d)
Explanation- Open source software is software with source code that anyone can
inspect, distribute, modify, and enhance. Example- Mozilla Firefox and Chromium.
Some software has source code that only the person, team, or organization that
created itโand maintains exclusive control over itโcan modify. It is known
as “proprietary” or “closed source” software. Microsoft
Office and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software18.
27. Who introduced โnoiseโ in a communication model?
- Shannon and Weaver
- Denis McQuail
- Wilber Schramm
- Harold Lasswell
Explanation- Noise was introduced as a concept in communication theory by Shannon and Weaver in the 1940s.
28. Through โdata traingulation methodโ a researcher can enhance his/her studyโs:
- Popularity
- Validity
- Accessibility
- Readability
Explanation- This is a way of assuring the validity of research through the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same topic, which involves different types of samples as well as methods of data collection19.
Denzin (1978) identified four basic types of triangulation:20
- Data triangulation: involves time, space, and persons.
- Investigator triangulation: involves multiple researchers in an investigation.
- Theory triangulation: involves using more than one theoretical scheme in the interpretation of the phenomenon.
- Methodological triangulation: involves using more than one method to gather data, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documents.
29. A construct is a combination of:
- Variables
- Hypotheses
- Control factors
- Concepts
Explanation- A construct is an indicator variable that measures a characteristics, or trait. For example, college admission scores are constructs that measure how well a student is likely to do in their first year21.
30. Pre-conceived beliefs about the characteristics of a group are referred as:
- Prejudice
- Stereotype
- Racism
- Hegemony
Explanation-
- Stereotypes are beliefs that we have about the characteristics of a group.
- Prejudice means preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience22.
- Hegemony– Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others23.
- Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity24.
References-
- https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/spearmans-rank-order-correlation-using-spss-statistics.php
- https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/digital-divide
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_evidence
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_activism
- https://www.medialit.org/media-literacy-definition-and-more
- https://slideplayer.com/slide/6027740/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_determinism
- https://wikimili.com/en/Usenet
- https://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/framing-theory/
- http://www.mathcs.duq.edu/~packer/Courses/Psy624/Nonparametric.html
- https://www.communicationtheory.org/the-newcombโs-model/
- https://medium.com/digital-reflections/digital-natives-and-digital-immigrants-how-are-they-different-e849b0a8a1d3
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-native.asp
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_society
- https://study.com/academy/lesson/causal-relational-hypotheses-definitions-examples.html
- https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source
- https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_triangulation_of_data_in_qualitative_research_Is_it_a_method_of_validating_the_information_collected_through_various_methods
- https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_(social_science)
- https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-construct-in-research-methods
- https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice
- http://www.caledonia.org.uk/hegemony.htm
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism
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Ph.D./M.Phil. 2019 IGNOU (Mass Communication)
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Question 1 of 30
1. Question
1 pointsFor calculating rank order correlation, which data type is most suitable?
Correct
The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient is a nonparametric measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables measured on at least an ordinal scale. It is denoted by the symbol rs.
Incorrect
-
Question 2 of 30
2. Question
1 pointsโRโ is a:
Correct
By Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, ‘R’ software like SPSS was designed as a statistical platform for data cleaning, analysis, and representation. This shows how popular R programming is in data science.
Incorrect
-
Question 3 of 30
3. Question
1 pointsโDigital Divideโ is in context of:
Correct
Digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology, and those that don’t or have restricted access. This technology can include the telephone, television, personal computers and the Internet.
Incorrect
-
Question 4 of 30
4. Question
1 pointsData derived from reliable measurements or observation is known as:
Correct
cal evidence is information acquired by observation or experimentation. Scientists record and analyze this data.
Incorrect
-
Question 5 of 30
5. Question
1 pointsArrange the units of computer memory in ascending order.
Terabyte
Kilobyte
Gigabyte
MegabyteCorrect
Incorrect
-
Question 6 of 30
6. Question
1 pointsSustainable Developments Goal number 4 deals with:
Correct
The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030.
GOAL 1: No Poverty; GOAL 2: Zero Hunger; GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being; GOAL 4: Quality Education; GOAL 5: Gender Equality; GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.Incorrect
-
Question 7 of 30
7. Question
1 points———– refers to the use of digital tools to achieve Social and Political change.
Correct
Media activism is a broad category of activism that utilizes media and communication technologies for social and political movements.
Incorrect
-
Question 8 of 30
8. Question
1 pointsGaining knowledge about the way media institutions work and how they produce content is known as
Correct
Media literate means being able to access, analyze, and evaluate information, which we receive through media.
Incorrect
-
Question 9 of 30
9. Question
1 pointsโOligopolyโ in media industry refers to:
Correct
An oligopoly is much like a monopoly, in which small number of firms or only single company has control over most of a market.
Incorrect
-
Question 10 of 30
10. Question
1 pointsWhat is the purpose of pilot study in a research?
Correct
A pilot study is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.
Incorrect
-
Question 11 of 30
11. Question
1 pointsIdentify the theory whose core idea is that โtechnology shapes the cause of human evolutionโ.
Correct
Technological determinism tries to understand how technology has had an impact on human action and thought.
Incorrect
-
Question 12 of 30
12. Question
1 pointsIn which communication setting, transactional analysis is most suitable?
Correct
TA studies transactions amongst people and understands their interpersonal behavior. It was developed by Eric Berne, a psychotherapist.
Incorrect
-
Question 13 of 30
13. Question
1 pointsUSENET belongs to the period of:
Correct
Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers and over a decade before the World Wide Web went online and the general public received access to the Internet, making it one of the oldest computer network communications systems.
Incorrect
-
Question 14 of 30
14. Question
1 pointsโFramingโ refers to the process by which the:
Correct
The Framing theory in media was first put forth by Goffman, under the title of Frame Analysis. The concept of framing is related to the agenda-setting tradition. The basis of framing theory is that the media focuses attention on certain events and then places them within a field of meaning.
Incorrect
-
Question 15 of 30
15. Question
1 pointsNon-parametric tests measure variables at:
Correct
Nonparametric statistical tests are used instead of the parametric tests when the data is nominal or ordinal (rather than interval or ratio).
Incorrect
-
Question 16 of 30
16. Question
1 pointsFind โmeanโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64Correct
Solution:-
Mean=Sum of given number/n(total no.)
=19+24+28+29+30+34+38+42+49+51+51+61+64/13
=520/13
=40Incorrect
-
Question 17 of 30
17. Question
1 pointsFind โmedianโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64Correct
Find โmeanโ for the following dataset. Incorrect
-
Question 18 of 30
18. Question
1 pointsFind โmodeโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64Correct
Solution:-
Mode= highest frequency of numbers
Here, 51 is repeated two times which is highest among the given numbers.
So, Mode= 51.Incorrect
-
Question 19 of 30
19. Question
1 pointsFind โvarianceโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64Correct
Find โvarianceโ for the following dataset. Incorrect
-
Question 20 of 30
20. Question
1 pointsFind โStandard deviationโ for the following dataset.
19, 24, 28, 29, 30, 34, 38, 42, 49, 51, 51, 61, 64Correct
Find โStandard deviationโ for the following dataset. Incorrect
-
Question 21 of 30
21. Question
1 pointsWho proposed โABX Model of Communicationโ?
Correct
The New Comb’s model or ‘ABX Model of Communication was introduced by Theodore M Newcomb in 1953.He concentrates on the social purpose of communication, showing all communication as a means of sustaining relationships between people.
Incorrect
-
Question 22 of 30
22. Question
1 pointsTerm โDigital Nativesโ refers to people who have
Correct
Digital natives are the opposite of digital immigrants; they have been interacting with technology from childhood.
Digital native is a term coined by Mark Prensky in 2001 used to describe the generation of people who grew up in the digital age.Incorrect
-
Question 23 of 30
23. Question
1 pointsโCreative Commonโ (CC) gives license of:
Correct
A CC license is used when an author wants to give other people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that he or she (that author) has created.
There are six different Creative Commons licenses: CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND. The letter pairs indicate conditions for use.Incorrect
-
Question 24 of 30
24. Question
1 pointsIn โInformation Societyโ, the information has become the central and most significant:
Correct
Information Society is a term for a society in which the creation, distribution, and
The economist Fritz Machlup develop the concept of the information society.
Closely related concepts are the post-industrial society (Daniel Bell) and network society (Manuel Castells).Incorrect
-
Question 25 of 30
25. Question
1 pointsA hypothesis that suggest that, changes in one variable cause changes in another, is referred to:
Correct
Causal hypotheses aim to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another.
Relational hypotheses aim to determine if relationships exist between a set of variables.
A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables.
Alternative hypothesis is one that states there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables.Incorrect
-
Question 26 of 30
26. Question
1 pointsIdentity the โโOpen Source Softwareโโ from the following.
Open office
Microsoft office
Linux OS
Mac OSCorrect
Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, distribute, modify, and enhance. Example- Mozilla Firefox and Chromium.
Some software has source code that only the person, team, or organization that created itโand maintains exclusive control over itโcan modify. It is known as “proprietary” or “closed source” software. Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software.Incorrect
-
Question 27 of 30
27. Question
1 pointsWho introduced โnoiseโ in a communication model?
Correct
Noise was introduced as a concept in communication theory by Shannon and Weaver in the 1940s.
Incorrect
-
Question 28 of 30
28. Question
1 pointsThrough โdata traingulation methodโ a researcher can enhance his/her studyโs:
Correct
This is a way of assuring the validity of research through the use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same topic, which involves different types of samples as well as methods of data collection.
Denzin (1978) identified four basic types of triangulation:
Data triangulation: involves time, space, and persons.
Investigator triangulation: involves multiple researchers in an investigation.
Theory triangulation: involves using more than one theoretical scheme in the interpretation of the phenomenon.
Methodological triangulation: involves using more than one method to gather data, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documents.Incorrect
-
Question 29 of 30
29. Question
1 pointsA construct is a combination of:
Correct
A construct is an indicator variable that measures a characteristics, or trait. For example, college admission scores are constructs that measure how well a student is likely to do in their first year.
Incorrect
-
Question 30 of 30
30. Question
1 pointsPre-conceived beliefs about the characteristics of a group are referred as:
Correct
Stereotypes are beliefs that we have about the characteristics of a group.
Prejudice means preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Hegemony- Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.Incorrect