Match the List I (Model) with List II (Authors):
| List I (Model) | List II (Authors) |
| (a) Circular | (i) Elizabeth Neuman |
| (b) Helical | (ii) Riley and Riley |
| (c) Ritual | (iii) Frank Dance |
| (d) Spiral of Silence | (iv) Wilbur Schramm |
| Codes: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| (A) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
| (B) | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| (C) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (D) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) | (i) |
Correct Ans: (B)
Explanation:
The Circular Model, developed by Wilbur Schramm, highlights the interactive nature of communication. It emphasizes that communication is not linear but involves a two-way process where feedback plays a critical role. This model demonstrates how the sender and receiver continuously exchange roles in a communication loop, making it dynamic and evolving.
The Helical Model, introduced by Frank Dance, explains how communication grows and develops over time. It uses the metaphor of a helix to illustrate how messages build upon previous experiences, becoming increasingly complex. This model is especially significant in showing how communication is influenced by past interactions and learning.
The Ritual Model was conceptualized by Riley and Riley. It views communication as a participatory process deeply rooted in social contexts. Instead of focusing solely on message transmission, this model emphasizes shared experiences, cultural practices, and social rituals that shape communication.
The Spiral of Silence Theory, proposed by Elizabeth Neuman, examines how people often suppress their opinions if they believe their views differ from the majority. This happens due to the fear of social isolation, highlighting the psychological and societal pressures within communication dynamics.
In summary, these models collectively contribute to understanding communication as an evolving, interactive, and socially contextual process. Each model provides unique insights into specific aspects of how we exchange and interpret messages.
