Understanding Key Concepts in Research Methodology

Match List – I with List – II:

Correct Ans: (C)

Explanation:

A systematic approach to research requires a deep understanding of various key concepts. Scholars and researchers use these terms to define, measure, and analyze data in a structured manner. Now, let’s explore these essential concepts and their correct associations.

1. Construct – Intermediate Level (4):
   To begin with, a construct is an abstract concept that researchers measure using indicators and variables. It operates at an intermediate level between theoretical ideas and measurable variables. For example, intelligence, motivation, and customer satisfaction are constructs in social sciences.
2. Positivism – Logical Reasoning (3):
   Moving on, positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes logic, reasoning, and empirical evidence. This approach, rooted in the belief that knowledge should come from observable facts, plays a fundamental role in scientific research and quantitative analysis.
3. Measurement – Operational Definition (2):
   Furthermore, measurement involves the process of defining and quantifying variables. To ensure accuracy, researchers create operational definitions that specify how a concept will be observed, measured, and recorded in a study. Without proper operational definitions, research findings can become ambiguous or unreliable.
4. Empiricism – Scientific Method (1):
   Lastly, empiricism relies on direct observation and experimentation, making it a core principle of the scientific method. Unlike theories based purely on speculation, empirical research demands evidence gathered through systematic investigation and experimentation.

Since Option (C) (2-3-4-1) correctly matches each concept with its corresponding description, it is undoubtedly the right answer.