The influential theorist of dependency made a distinction between world systems and mini-systems.
- Immanual Wallerstein
- Alejandro Poters
- Hermassi E.
- Ernest Mandel
Correct Ans: (A)
Explanation:
Immanuel Wallerstein stands out as a key figure in modern social theory. He introduced the concept of world systems and mini-systems to explain global inequalities. Instead of viewing each country as isolated, he urged scholars to examine how economies connect and depend on each other.
He defined mini-systems as small, self-contained societies that existed in early human history. These systems shared common goals and functioned without large-scale economic hierarchies. However, as societies grew, they shifted toward world systems—vast networks shaped by political power, economic exchange, and social structures.
Wallerstein argued that modern capitalism evolved through this larger world system. According to his theory, powerful core nations dominate weaker peripheral ones. This relationship creates long-term dependency. Furthermore, media, trade, and politics all reinforce this pattern.
His world systems theory challenged traditional models that treated national economies as independent. Instead, he pushed for a broader view—one that considers global forces and their effect on development.
Although other thinkers like Ernest Mandel contributed to Marxist theory, and Hermassi E. studied political systems, Wallerstein remains the central voice on this particular distinction. His approach continues to influence research in communication, development, and media globalization.
So, the correct answer is Immanuel Wallerstein, the theorist who boldly distinguished world systems and mini-systems and reshaped how we understand global interdependence.
