Tag: positivism

Journalism and Mass Communication 1. Who formulated the concept of positivism? Bharat Muni Martin Luther Julia Kresteva August Comte Explanation- Auguste Comte was the father of positivism and inventor of the term sociology. In sociology, Positivism is the view that social phenomena such as human social behaviour and how societies are structured ought to be studied using only the methods of the natural science. 2. What does APA Stands for? African psychological Association Asian psychological Association American psychological Association Australian psychological Association Explanation- APA format is commonly used to cite sources in psychology, education, and the social sciences. The APA style originated in a 1929 article published in Psychological Bulletin that laid out the basic guidelines. 3. The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (Gaurav-Sehgal, 2010, p 45-60)’ is an example of Footnote citation Both (A) and (C) Parenthetical referencing None of these Explanation- Parenthetic referencing is also known as Harvard refrencing. Parenthetical citations are often used in MLA format, APA format, and many other styles. Footnotes are often used in Chicago format citations. Parenthetical citations are placed directly after the quote or paraphrase. Parenthetical citation includes the last name of the original author and the page number that the information was found3. Example of footnote citation- ‘The five stages of grief are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.’ Notice the small, superscript number 1 next to the quote above. On bottom of the page, the reader would find the number 1, and next it they’ll see the footnote. 4. Who coined the term ‘Development Communication’? Rostow Lippman Nora C Quebrel Lerner Explanation- Nora C Quebral is often referred as ‘’mother of development communication’’. Her latest revision definition for development communication is as ‘the art and science of human communication linked to a society’s planned transformation from a state of poverty to one of dynamic socio-economic growth that makes for greater equity and the larger unfolding of individual potential4. 5. Recce Survey generally is…. Pre shoot location survey for film Husband up survey Uncharted survey Claim survey for vehicles Explanation- A pre filming visit to a location to determine its suitability for shooting, including access to necessary facilities and assessment of any potential lighting5. 6. Applied research is directed towards Real time problems Action oriented research Problem solving All of these Explanation- Applied research is a methodology used to solve a specific, practical problem of an individual or group. It aims at finding solution for an immediate problem facing a society, or an industrial/business organisation. 7. What is the full form of PDF? Plausible Document Format Predestined Document Format Printed Document Format Portable Document Format Explanation- The Portable Document Format is a file format developed by Adobe in the 1990s7. 8. Vox Pops are…. Street interviews Road interviews Bazaar interviews All of these Explanation- it’s literally meaning is ‘Voice of people.’ It can be done anywhere street, road, and Bazaar etc. In Journalism, Vox Pops or man on the street refers to short interviews with members of the public8. 9. ……. From theory leads to hypothesis Induction Logical Deduction Observation Deduction Explanation- Logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logically certain conclusion. 10. Which structure is best suited for anecdotal feature? Linked Boxes Neck of the Vase Hourglass Inverted Pyramid Explanation- Anecdotal information is not based on facts or careful study. Neck of the Vase structure is best suited for anecdotal feature. 11. The concept of ‘Aura’ pertains to Karl Marx Habermas Walter Benjamin Bharat Muni Explanation- Aura is a quality integral to an artwork that cannot be communicated through mechanical reproduction techniques – such as photography. The term was used by Walter Benjamin in his influential 1936 essay The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. 12. Control Analysis is a part of……. Propaganda model Rhetoric model Bucket Model Interactive Model Explanation- All over the world, the media is used to control and for propaganda purposes. The Propaganda model of media control was introduced by Edward. S. Herman and Noam Chomsky in their book ‘Manufacturing Consent – The Political Economy of the Mass Media’. 13. Spandrel is related to Noam Chomsky Language Faculty Exaptation All of these Explanation- The idea that language was a spandrel, a term coined by Gould, flew in the face of natural selection. In fact, Gould and Chomsky pose the theory that many human behaviors are spandrels. These various spandrels came about because of a process Darwin called "pre-adaptation," which is now known as exaptation. 14. Short summary of a technical report is called Research Abstract Publication Article Precis Explanation- An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. 15. What is an example of contraction? Ad Subheads Vox Pop All of these Explanation- Contractions help to save space when preparing advertisements, slogans, and other written works that must be short and to the point. 16. ‘’The first way to get to know the Indians is to become like one of them; and it is by learning their language that we will become their fellow citizens.’’ This statements pertains to which method? Participant Observation Life History Ethnography All of these Explanation- Participant observation is one type of data collection method typically used in qualitative research and ethnography15. Life history interviewing is a qualitative method of data collection where people are asked to document their life over a period of time. 17. Who was a rhetor? Aristotle Nehru Chanakya All of these Explanation- Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. The definition of a rhetor is a great speaker, or a teacher of rhetoric or public speaking. 18. All Surveys are essentially Explanatory Communal Interdisciplinary Narrative Explanation- Questions in survey are from core areas and interdisciplinary. 19. Camera pivoting right or left is known as….. Tilt Zoom Pan All of these Explanation- A pan is a horizontal camera movement in which the camera moves left and right about a central axis. i.e. mounted in a fixed location on a tripod or shoulder, rather than a dolly-like movement in which the entire mounting system moves. 20. Heart shaped pattern is described by…. Cardioid Microphone Hyper cardioids mikes Super cardioids mikes All of these Explanation- A micro phone with a cardoid pick-up pattern hears sound best from the front and actively rejects sound from behind. This mic is heart-shaped pickup pattern. A Supercardioid polar pattern is more directional than Cardioid; Hypercardioid even more so. Unlike Cardioid, both of these polar patterns have sensitive rear lobes (smaller in the Supercardioid) that pick up sound, which can make positioning. 21. Device that converts one form of energy into another is…. Depth of field Flowchart Transducer Neutral Density Explanation- A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. 22. Aspect ratio is… Shape of frame Relationship of width to height Proportion of frame All of these Explanation- The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height. It is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, as in 16:9. 23. Decibel is…. Measurement of graphics Unit of loudness Feedback None of these Explanation- The decibel (abbreviated dB) is the unit used to measure the intensity of a sound21. 24. Sounds or interviews recorded on location are called…… Diffusion of Innovation Zoom Actuality Aston Explanation- Actuality:- In radio, the sound of something specifically audio material recorded out of the studio on location, either voices or other sounds such as ambient noise. Sometimes called a sound bite. In television sometimes called sync. 25. Catchline of a broadcast story is called…… Supers Cool edit pro Over to Shoulder Slug Explanation- Slug lines direct our attention to what's important within a scene. They add punch, and can be used to heighten the pacing. Camera angles written as slug lines, such as “REVERSE SHOT,” are usually superfluous. 26. When one source is faded up and the other is faded out, this is called… Zoom Pre-fade Post-fade Cross-fade 27. In which microphone, the diaphragm is replaced with the plate of electrically charged capacitor? Condenser Ribbon Dynamic All of these Explanation- Condenser microphones require power from a battery or external source. The resulting audio signal is stronger signal than that from a dynamic. 28. Who authored ‘The Passing of the Traditional Society? Evert Rogers Adam Smith Daniel Lerner Walt Whitman Rostow Explanation- This important book reports on and interprets studies implemented primarily during 1950, in six Middle East Arab countries: Turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iran25. 29. Yakshagana, a folk theatre form, belongs to which state? Maharashtra Kerala Assam Karnatka 30. Who wote ‘A theology of Liberation?’ Paulo Frere Augasto Boal Gustavo Gutierrez Noam Chomsky Explanation- A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, Salvation (1971), explains his notion of Christian poverty as an act of loving solidarity with the poor as well as a liberatory protest against poverty. 31. Those who are reluctant to adopt modernisation process are called Laggards Adopters Early Majority Late Majority Explanation- Laggards are the last to adopt an innovation. Unlike some of the previous categories, individuals in this category show little to no opinion leadership. These individuals typically have an aversion to change-agents. Laggards typically tend to be focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among adopters, and in contact with only family and close friends. 32. Daniel Lerner is credited to have introduced the term Heterophily Homophily Mobility Multipliers Magic Multipliers Explanation- Daniel Lerner termed mass media as mobility of multipliers and Wilbur Schramm considers them to be magic multipliers. 33. ‘Spect-actor’ was coined by Augusto Boal Aristotle Paulo Cohelo Plato Explanation- This is a term created by Augusto Boal to describe those engaged in Forum theatre. It refers to the dual role of those involved in the process as both spectator and actor, as they both observe and create dramatic meaning and action in any performance. 34. ‘Wealth of Nations’ was authored by Adam Smith Richardo Karl Marx Paulo Friere Explanation- The book 'Wealth of Nation's touches upon such broad topics as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets. 35. ‘As bits and watts increases in mass production and consumption, life is diminished under modernised poverty.’ ‘Who made this statement? Abraham Maslowe Karl Marx Majid Tehranian Gramsci Explanation- 'Meta-Theory of Communication' presented by Majid Tehranian. 36. Which among the following is not one of the features of Interpersonal Communication? Phatic Conversation Triadic Communication Dyadic Communication Classroom Discussion Explanation- Classroom Discussion is a group communication. Phatic communication is verbal or non-verbal communication that has a social function, such as to start a conversation, greet someone, or say goodbye, rather than an informative function. Triadic communication- Triadic is a communication between three or more persons. Dyadic Communication-The term 'Dyadic communication', in general refers to an interaction between two people32. 37. Haptics relates to Body movements Touch Paranormal language Eye Movement Explanation- “haptic” means anything relating to the sense of touch. 38. What can be an example of didactic reportage? Anti tobacco campaign Both of these Propaganda on demonetisation Explanation- Reportage is often regarded as the most exalted form of journalism, yet it is, after all, no more than writing that is concerned with the reporting of news or events33. 39. A hole through which light travels is called Tripod Console Aperture All of these Explanation- An aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. 40. Who coined the term ‘Mimesis? Herbert Marcuse Cicero Aristotle Plato Explanation- Mimesis is a Greek term that means imitation. Plato divides imitation by medium (words, paint, marble, etc.). He further divides the verbal techniques of imitation into pure imitation or mimesis, in which an actor impersonates a character on stage, and diegesis, or narration, in which a narrator speaks in the third person about events. 41. XML stands for? Extensible Markup Language Extensible Mobile Lexicon X-Mas Markup Language All of these Explanation- XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. XML is a markup language much like HTML. XML was designed to store and transport data. 42. Which is an example of Intra-personal Communication? Dialogue Meditation Presentation Lecture Explanation- Intra is a prefix meaning "within"; something that is "intrapersonal" takes place inside one individual37. 43. Who introduced the concept of Mobile Privatization? Barthes Adorno Raymond Williams Walter Benjamin Explanation- Raymond Williams developed the concept of mobile privatization as part of his criticism of the failings of technological determinism and its role in accounts of media history. It plays a central role in his alternative social shaping account of the development of radio and television broadcasting. 44. Deconstruction is associated with Derrida Gramsci Chomsky None of these Explanation- Jacques Derrida was an Algerian-born French philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he discussed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology. 45. Which communication model has entropy and redundancy? Mathematical Rhetoric SMCR Bucket Explanation- The concept of information entropy was introduced by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". Entropy: refers to messages which convey highly unpredictable information to the receiver. redundancy: refers to messages which convey highly predictable information to the receiver. 46. Who introduced the concept of Interpreter? Schramm Cantril and Lazarsfeld Berlo Lasswell Explanation- One contribution Schramm made was to consider the fields of experience of the sender and receiver. The sender encodes the message, based upon the sender’s field of experience. The user’s field of experience guides decoding. 47. Who conceptualised myth as second order of signification? Barthes Lacan Freud Saussure Explanation- If connotation is the second order meaning of the signifier, the MYTH IS THE SECOND ORDER MEANING OF THE SIGNIFIED. Barthwal conceptualised myth as second order of signification. 48. National Geographic Magazine is example of which printing process? Letterpress Lithography Silk Gravure Explanation- Like flexography, gravure printing is often used for high-volume printing of packaging, wallpaper and gift wrap. Although less common, gravure printing may also be used for printing magazines, greeting cards, and high-volume advertising pieces. 49. Who introduced the concept of deviant group in the helix of communication? Frank Dance David Berlo Elisabeth Neomann Westley and McLean 50. The Salim Ali Bird sanctuary is located at? Anakkati Kalakkad Pondicherry Goa 51. Non-stick cooking utensils are coated with Teflon (PTEE) Polystyrene Black paint PVC Explanation- Teflon (PTFE-Polytetrafluoroethylene) is used as a non-stick coating for pans and other cookware. It is nonreactive. 52. Who founded the Haryank Dynasty in Magadha? Ajatashatru Bimbisara Udayabhadra None of the above Explanation- The first king of Magadha dynasty was Bimbisara founded the Haryanka dynasty whose capital was Rajagriha, later Pataliputra. 53. The idea of Directive Principles of state policy in the constitution of India has been borrowed from The Japanese Constitution The Irish Constitution The French Constitution The Canadian Constitution 54. Which of the following is not an operating system? Linux Windows DOS Oracle 55. Identify the largest port of India Mumbai Port Kandla Port Okha Port Kolkata Port 56. Film and Television Institute of India is located at Perampur (Tamilnadu) Pune Pimpri Rajkot FTII is a member of the International Liaison Centre of Schools of Cinema and Television (CILECT) 57. Night Blindness is cause by lack of which vitamin? Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin B 58. Who among the following invented the smallpox vaccine? Robert Hooke Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Edward Jenner 59. Which of the following is correct? Research is scientific and systematic approach to formulate a problem and finds its solution. Research is not just collection of information on a specific, but to analyse it. Research is not just writing a report on a well-known subject. All of the above 60. A research which involves obtaining non-numerical data through open-ended questions and conversational communication is Quantitative research Qualitative research Analytical research Semi-quantitative research 61. Post positivism is a stance where A theory of a researcher can influence the observation Researcher and researched object/event/person are independent The information derived from sensory experience is interpreted through reason and logic is an exclusive source of all certain knowledge Reality is evidence based and can be mathematically interpreted through reason and logic is an exclusive source of all certain knowledge. Explanation- Positivists believe that the researcher and the researched person are independent of each other, post positivists accept that theories, background, knowledge and values of the researcher can influence what is observed. 62. Experimental research is used where There is time priority in a casual relationship. There is consistency in a casual relationship. The magnitude of correlation is high. All the above. Explanation- Experimental research is any research conducted with a scientific approach, where a set of variables are kept constant while the other set of variables are being measured as the subject of experiment. 63. In research, moving from broader generalisation and theories to specific observation can be achieved by Deducting reasoning Inductive reasoning Observation Experience Explanation- A deductive approach is aimed and testing theory, an inductive approach is concerned with the generation of new theory emerging from the data. 64. In empirical approach a decision is made by Direct observation and experimentation Feelings, hunches and instinct Opinions of experienced people Speculation based on some information Explanation- Empirical approach refers to the scientific method of inquiry and observation through experiments. 65. Which of the following statements collecting the data by survey is false? Personal interview have the flexibility of restructuring the questionnaire Data collection by personal interview can controlled samples. In personal interview the interviewer can collect additional information about the environment of the person interviewed. Personal interview method is always cheap method and the respondents always give unbiased information. 66. In an experimental research, the dependent variable is A measure of the effect of the independent variable A factor that is controlled and manipulated by the researcher A variable which can take only specific values in the range of values. A variable which is always dependent on the researcher himself. 67. Rating something as ‘’helpful’’ and ‘’not helpful’’ is an example of Quantitative variable Continuous variable Discontinuous variable Categorical variable Explanation- Categorical variables are qualitative data in which the values are assigned to a set of distinct groups or categories. These groups may consist of alphabetic (e.g., male, female) or numeric labels (e.g., male = 0, female = 1) that do not contain mathematical information beyond the frequency counts related to group membership. Instead, categorical variables often provide valuable social-oriented information that is not quantitative by nature (e.g., hair color, religion, ethnic group). 68. Participant bias can be controlled by The double blind technique Blind technique Partial blind technique All the above Explanation- A double-blind study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. This procedure is utilized to prevent bias in research results. A single-blind study in which the experimenters are aware of which participants are receiving the treatment while the participants remain unaware50. A partial blind study in which investigator assessing the outcome is aware of the assignment in at least one treatment group but unaware of the treatment assignment(s) in one or more other treatment groups. 69. Temperature measured in (degree Celsius) is Ratio scale Nominal scale Interval scale Ordinal scale Explanation- because the difference between each value is the same. For example, the difference between 60 and 50 degrees is a measurable 10 degrees, as is the difference between 80 and 70 degrees. 70. Which of the tests are necessary to confirm a good measurement? Test of validity Test of reliability Test of practicality All of the above Explanation- Practicality- It refers to the economy of time, effort and money in testing. Validity- The term validity refers to whether or not a test measures what it intends to measure. Reliability- Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. Psychologists consider three types of consistency: over time (test-retest reliability), across items (internal consistency), and across different researchers (inter-rater reliability). 71. Which of the analysis is appropriate for a researcher if he has only one dependent variable that cannot be measured but can be classified into different categories? Multiple regression analysis Multiple discriminant analysis Canonical analysis Multivariate analysis of variance Explanation- MDA technique reduces the differences between some variables so that they can be classified in a set number of broad groups, which can then be compared to another variable. Canonical correlation analysis is a method for exploring the relationships between two multivariate sets of variables (vectors), all measured on the same individual. Consider, as an example, variables related to exercise and health55. 72. Which of the following is used for organising and manipulating the data? MS Power Point Google Scholar Google Sheets Latex 73. A doctoral thesis must have Selecting references Exhaustive references No references Quotations 74. I.I.Sc stands for Indian Institute of Science Indian Institute of Statistics Indian Institute of Indian Science International Institute of Science Explanation- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) located in Bangalore, India, is a public institute for research and higher education in science, engineering, design, and management. 75. A per the UGC regulations on prevention of plagiarism, the percentage similarities for which the student registration for a programme will be cancelled is 15% 30% 45% 60% Explanation- Plagiarism Disciplinary Authority (PDA) of the HEI, based on recommendations of the Academic Misconduct Panel (AMP), shall impose penalty considering the severiq' of the Plagiarism57. i. Level 1: Similarities above 4o% - Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and shall be asked to submit a revised script within a stipulated time period not exceeding 6 months. ii. Level 2: Similarities above to 6o% - Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and shall be asked to submit a revised script after a time period of one year but not exceeding eighteen months. iii. Level 3: Similarities above 6o% -Such student shall not be given any mark and/or credit for the plagiarized script and his/her registration for that course to be cancelled. 76. Research misconduct include Honest error Difference of opinion Fabrication of data Citing relevant sources of knowledge/information Explanation- Research misconduct is defined as fabrication, falsification and plagiarism, and does not include honest error or differences of opinion. 77. DOI stands for Digitized Objects in Internet Digital Object Identifier Digital Online-resource Identifier Digitization of Object for Identification Explanation DOIs are in wide use mainly to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports and data sets, and official publications though they also have been used to identify other types of information resources, such as commercial videos59. 78. Experiments involving animals is not acceptable if Animal suffering is minimum in all experiments Human benefits are gained which could not be obtained by using other methods Human benefits are gained which otherwise could only be gained by other expensive methods If one can be sure about the usefulness of the research outcome 79. Literature review helps in Knowing the state-of-the-art in a specific subject Avoiding incidental plagiarism Sharpen the research focus All the above 80. Sodhganga is A reservoir of Indian thesis A reservoir of e-journals A repository of international thesis None of the above 81. Machine learning is the Scientific study of algorithms and statistical models used to effectively perform a specific task using patterns and inferences Understandings the working principle of machines Making machines for learning aid applications None of the above 82. Modelling and Simulations will help in Avoiding costly and time consuming experience Understanding a mathematical model in more realistic environments Exploring the behaviour of the system in an articulated way which may not be possible in real world All the above 83. A sample is theoretically the most representative of the total population when we use Random selection Specific selection Sample of convenience Sample of interest 84. Review of ‘Godan’ in a newspaper is an example of Narration Argumentation Exposition Description 85. Find the Suitable antonym of ‘QUIESCENT’ Dormant Weak Active Unconcerned 86. Correct the given sentences: He has received to other message than an urgent telegram asking him to rush his village immediately. Asked him to rush his village Asking him to have rush his village Asking him to rush to his village Asking him rushing at his village 87. Change the speech of the given sentence: She exclaimed with sorrow that was a very miserable plight. She said, ‘’What is mystery it is.’’ She said, ‘’What a miserable sight it is.’’ She said, ‘’What a miserable plight it is.’’ She said with sorrow, ‘’What a pity it is.’’ 88. Government by a small group of all powerfull persons Oligarchy Monarchy Democracy Anarch 89. Give the synonym of ‘VANGUARD’. Officer Flag bearer Race driver Pioneer 90. What does phrase ‘’A man of straw’’ mean? A man of no substance A very active person A worthy fellow An unreasonable person 91. Complete the given sentence: He led me…………the green laws to the palatial building. Across Along Upon About 92. Select the pair which has the same relationship. SYMPHONY:COMPOSER Fresco: painter Colours: pallet Leonardo: music Art: appreciation 93. Choose the correct spelling Amateur Ameteur Amatuer Amature 94. Select the correct plural form of ‘Elf’. Elfs Elves Eles None of these 95. Two taps A and B can fill a cistern in 28 minutes and 42 minutes respectively. Third tap C can empty it in 42 minutes. If all the three taps are open, the time taken to fill the cistern is 28 minutes 16.8 minutes 42 minutes 12 minutes 96. 9, 12, 11, 14, 13 ? 15 16 10 17 12 97. A student is ranked 13th from right and 8th from left. How many students are there in total? 19 20 21 18 98. The effective annual rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of 6% per annum payable half-yearly is 6.07% 6.08% 6.09% 6.06% 99. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3:4 and their L.C.M is 2400. Their H.C.F is 120 200 40 80 100. Who composed the song ‘’Sare Jahan Se Achha Hindostan Hamara? Faiz Ahmed Faiz Bankim Chandra Chatterjee Mohammad Iqbal Rabindranath Tagore Explanation- Mohd. Iqbal is called the "Spiritual Father of Pakistan.

Tag: positivism

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