When communication is studied, the number of levels of problems identified by Shannon and Weaver are
(A) two
(B) Three
(C) four
(D) five
Correct Ans: (B)
Explanation:
Shannon and Weaver, two prominent communication theorists, introduced a mathematical model of communication. In their study, they identified three levels of communication problems. These problems affect how messages are transmitted, understood, and influence the receiverโs response.
The first level is the technical problem, which focuses on the accuracy of message transmission. This issue arises when noise disrupts communication, making it difficult for the receiver to receive the exact message sent by the sender. For example, poor network signals in phone conversations cause distortion.
The second level is the semantic problem, which deals with meaning. Even if a message is technically accurate, misinterpretation can occur due to differences in language, culture, or knowledge. For instance, jargon used in a scientific paper may confuse a non-expert reader.
The third level is the effectiveness problem, which concerns how well the message influences the receiverโs behavior. A message should not only be transmitted and understood but also produce the intended response. For example, an advertisement should persuade customers to buy a product; otherwise, it fails in effectiveness.
These three levels are crucial in analyzing communication processes. They help in identifying where communication breakdowns occur and how to improve message clarity. Shannon and Weaverโs model remains widely used in mass communication, telecommunications, and information theory.
In conclusion, their identification of three levelsโtechnical, semantic, and effectivenessโprovides a structured way to understand communication challenges.
