Match the following:
| List I (Author) | List II (Concept) |
| (a) M.K. Gandhi | (i) Ideological constraints of development |
| (b) L.R. Beltran | (ii) Safety first principle |
| (c) J. Scott | (iii) Idea of justice |
| (d) Amartya Sen | (iv) Trusteeship of society |
| Codes: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| (A) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (B) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (C) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| (D) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
Correct Ans: (C)
Explanation:
Several scholars and philosophers have shaped development theories and social justice principles. Their ideas continue to influence policymaking, media, and governance. By understanding their concepts, we gain insight into economic, social, and ethical issues affecting societies worldwide.
- M.K. Gandhi – Trusteeship of Society
Gandhi introduced the idea of trusteeship, emphasizing that wealth should be used for the benefit of society rather than personal gain. He argued that industrialists and wealthy individuals should act as trustees, ensuring fair distribution of resources. Consequently, this principle aimed to create an equitable society without class conflict. - L.R. Beltran – Ideological Constraints of Development
Beltran focused on how dominant ideologies shape development policies. He criticized Western-centric models, arguing that they often ignore local cultures and knowledge systems. Therefore, his work highlights the need for alternative approaches to development that consider social and political realities. - J. Scott – Safety First Principle
Scott introduced the “safety first” principle, which explains how peasants and marginalized communities prioritize survival over profit. According to him, these groups adopt risk-averse strategies to ensure long-term stability. As a result, his work has influenced rural development policies and economic studies. - Amartya Sen – Idea of Justice
Sen’s concept of justice focuses on capabilities rather than just economic growth. He argued that true development should expand people’s freedoms, including education, healthcare, and social opportunities. Thus, his work has reshaped global discussions on human rights and economic development.
Overall, these thinkers have provided valuable insights into development, justice, and economic policies. Their ideas remain relevant in shaping modern governance and media discourse.
