Assertion (A): Individuals and organisations manufacture pseudo-events for self-satisfaction.

Reason (R): Press Conferences, protests and parades are fine examples of pseudo-events and media have become highly dependent on them these days.

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Ans: (D)

Explanation:

Pseudo-events are planned media events designed to attract public attention rather than occurring naturally. The statement in the assertion claims that individuals and organizations create pseudo-events for self-satisfaction, but this is incorrect. Instead, they manufacture these events primarily to influence public perception, gain publicity, or manipulate narratives.

The reason, however, is true. Press conferences, protests, and parades serve as prime examples of pseudo-events. The media increasingly depends on them for news coverage since these events offer structured, pre-planned content that journalists can easily report. Politicians, corporations, and organizations frequently use pseudo-events to control the message and steer public discourse in their favor.

Since (A) states an incorrect motive behind pseudo-events, while (R) correctly describes their role in media, the correct answer is (D): (A) is false, but (R) is true.

In conclusion, pseudo-events are powerful media tools used to shape narratives, but their purpose goes beyond personal satisfaction. Instead, they function as strategic communication tactics that influence public opinion and media coverage.