Match List-I with List-II:
| List I | List II |
| (a) Circulation war | 1. Pothen Joseph |
| (b) Check book Journalism | 2. Money to journalists |
| (c) Paid news | 3. Money to source |
| (d) Column | 4. Joseph Pulitzer |
| Codes: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| (A) | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| (B) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| (C) | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| (D) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Correct Ans: (A)
Explanation:
Journalism has evolved with time, leading to various practices that shape news dissemination. Understanding these terms helps media professionals and audiences navigate ethical concerns and industry dynamics.
To begin with, Circulation war refers to the intense competition among newspapers to increase readership. Historically, Joseph Pulitzer (4) and William Randolph Hearst were known for engaging in such battles, using sensationalism to attract readers. Their rivalry led to the rise of yellow journalism.
Next, Checkbook journalism involves paying sources for exclusive stories. This practice raises ethical concerns since financial incentives might influence the authenticity of the information. Here, the correct match is Money to the source (3), as news organizations sometimes offer payments to secure high-profile interviews or insider details.
Similarly, Paid news is an unethical practice where news organizations accept money to publish content favoring individuals or corporations. This compromises journalistic integrity. Therefore, the right match is Money to journalists (2), highlighting how financial incentives can distort news objectivity.
Finally, Column refers to a regular opinion-based section written by a journalist or expert. Pothen Joseph (1), a well-known journalist, played a significant role in popularizing editorial columns in Indian journalism. His contributions shaped public opinion and media discourse.
Thus, the correct matches are:
- Circulation war → Joseph Pulitzer (4)
- Checkbook journalism → Money to source (3)
- Paid news → Money to journalists (2)
- Column → Pothen Joseph (1)
Therefore, the correct answer is option (A). By understanding these terms, we gain deeper insights into ethical and historical aspects of journalism.
