Assertion (A): Since languages and other systems are social products, every society will have a socially constructed grid of communication. Reason (R): Because language is the primary means through which values and norms of society are framed, expressed and reinforce(D) Codes: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true. (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Ans: (A) Explanation: Assertion (A) is true because languages and communication systems evolve as social constructs. Societies shape and define them based on historical, cultural, and social contexts. Communication follows structured patterns, ensuring shared understanding and continuity across generations. These structures form a socially constructed grid of communication, guiding how people exchange ideas, beliefs, and values. Reason (R) is also true since language plays a central role in shaping and expressing societal norms. Through language, societies define acceptable behaviors, set moral standards, and reinforce cultural values. Education, media, and literature all use language to preserve and transmit these norms over time. Furthermore, the connection between language and societal values supports the assertion. Since societies depend on shared meanings for effective communication, language structures interactions and influences perceptions. For instance, the use of formal or informal speech reflects hierarchies, traditions, and cultural expectations. Because both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and (R) correctly explains (A), the correct answer is (A): Both (A) and (R) are true. In conclusion, language is more than a tool for communication; it is a foundation for societal norms and identity. Societies construct and reinforce their communication systems, shaping cultural continuity and social order.