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Understanding Types of Validity in Communication Research

Match the following:   List I- (Types of validity) List II- (Characteristic) (a) Face validity (i) The measuring instrument is checked against some present criterion (b) Predictive validity (ii) Involves relating a measuring instrument to a theoretical framework (c) Concurrent validity (iii) A measuring instrument should measure what it should measure (d) Construct validity (iv) Checking […]

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Factor analysis is used for:ย 

Factor analysis is used for:  (A) data entry (B) data distribution (C) data reduction (D) data separation Correct Ans: (C) Explanation:Researchers use factor analysis to reduce large datasets into smaller, more meaningful groups. Instead of analyzing each variable separately, they identify patterns and combine related variables into broader categories called factors. This method works by

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Range of spread of variables in a sample is through calculations of:

 One of the important ways to ascertain the range of spread of variables in a sample is through the calculations of: Correct Ans: (D) Explanation:Researchers often deal with data that varies within a sample. To understand this variation, they calculate the standard deviation. This method shows how far each data point strays from the average

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