Assertion (A): Verbal language and photography are fine examples of representational codes. Reason (R): Both of them perform referential functions. (A) Both (A) and (R) are true. (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Ans: (A) Explanation: Verbal language and photography are excellent examples of representational codes because they function as systems of meaning that depict reality. In semiotics, representational codes help convey information by symbolizing objects, actions, or ideas. Verbal language uses words and grammar to structure meaning, while photography captures visual representations of reality. Both enable communication by encoding and transmitting messages in recognizable forms. Furthermore, both verbal language and photography perform referential functions. This means they refer to and describe real-world objects, events, or ideas. For instance, a news article describes an event through words, while a photo visually represents the same event. These media forms help audiences understand and interpret reality by providing meaningful representations. Since both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, the correct answer is (A). Additionally, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A) because referential functions are a key characteristic of representational codes. Without this function, neither language nor photography would effectively convey information. In conclusion, verbal language and photography act as representational codes because they depict reality in structured ways. Their referential function ensures that messages are meaningful and interpretable, making them essential tools in communication. Understanding these codes enhances our ability to analyze media and its impact on society.