In the mass manipulative model, the audience is considered as (A) passive (B) Active (C) Aligned (D) Critical Correct Ans: (A) Explanation: The mass manipulative model of media suggests that audiences remain passive, absorbing messages without questioning or critically analyzing them. This model aligns with early media theories, such as the Hypodermic Needle Theory, which argues that media injects ideas directly into the public’s mind, shaping opinions and behaviors. Governments, corporations, and media houses often use this approach for propaganda, advertising, and political messaging. By carefully crafting content, they influence public perception, decision-making, and social attitudes. This model assumes that audiences lack critical thinking skills and accept media messages without resistance. Historically, totalitarian regimes and commercial advertisers have leveraged mass manipulation to control narratives. For example, Nazi propaganda in the 1930s used mass media to spread ideological messages. Similarly, modern advertising employs psychological techniques, emotional appeal, and repetition to persuade consumers. However, media scholars challenge this model, arguing that audiences today are more active, aware, and selective in consuming information. The rise of social media, fact-checking, and digital literacy enables people to engage critically with content rather than simply accepting it. Despite criticisms, the mass manipulative model remains relevant in political campaigns, sensational news reporting, and targeted marketing. Media outlets often use framing, selective storytelling, and biased reporting to sway public opinion. In conclusion, this model highlights the power of media in shaping society. However, audience awareness and media literacy play a crucial role in resisting manipulation and fostering an informed, independent-thinking public.