The process of examining every member of a specified population is called (A) Probability (B) Partiality (C) Census (D) Non-probability Correct Ans: (C) Explanation Researchers conduct a census by examining every member of a specified population, ensuring comprehensive and accurate data collection. Unlike sampling methods that select a subset of individuals, a census includes every individual within the target group, eliminating sampling errors and biases. Governments and research organizations gather detailed demographic, economic, and social data through censuses. For example, officials collect crucial insights into population growth, employment rates, and literacy levels from national population censuses. Since researchers count every member, they ensure highly reliable data for policy-making. Although a census provides precise results, it demands significant time, resources, and effort. Researchers must plan and execute large-scale surveys carefully to cover entire populations. In contrast, many opt for sampling methods to save time and costs when studying large populations. However, when accuracy matters most, a census remains the best option. It guarantees that no individual or group is left out, leading to better-informed decisions and policies. By understanding the role of a census, researchers can select the most suitable data collection method for their studies.