Alex Inkeles used attitude items to construct a scale of modernity that numbered: (A) Five (B) Seven (C) Nine (D) Eleven Correct Ans: (A) Explanation: Alex Inkeles developed a scale of modernity using five attitude items to measure how individuals adopted modern values and behaviors in transitioning societies. These items represented key traits, including openness to innovation, belief in equality, achievement orientation, rationality, and secularism. He emphasized that modernization is not just an economic or structural shift but also a psychological and social transformation at the individual level. The five attitude items in his scale captured how people adapted to changes brought by modernization, such as exposure to new technologies, education, and urbanization. Inkeles conducted cross-cultural studies to examine how individuals in different regions embraced these modern traits. His work showed that adopting modern attitudes promoted personal growth and societal development, helping individuals better navigate and contribute to their changing environments. By linking personal attitudes to societal progress, Inkeles’ scale became a valuable tool in understanding modernization’s impact. It provided insight into how cultural and social factors influenced the pace and nature of modernization across the globe. The scale remains a cornerstone in sociological studies of development and modernization.