Assertion (A): Non-verbal communication is not always through presentational codes such as gestures and eye movements.

Reason (R): Presentational codes are limited to face-to-face communication or communication when the communicator is present.

Codes:

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true.

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Ans: (D)

Explanation:

Assertion (A) states that non-verbal communication does not always rely on presentational codes like gestures and eye movements. However, this statement is false because non-verbal communication primarily involves body language, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact. These elements help convey emotions, attitudes, and intentions without using spoken words. In many situations, they play a crucial role in reinforcing or even replacing verbal messages.

Reason (R) explains that presentational codes are limited to face-to-face communication or instances where the communicator is physically present. This statement is true because presentational codes include gestures, tone of voice, and facial expressions, which require direct interaction. For example, a speaker’s body language during a live speech adds meaning to their words. Similarly, in video communication, facial expressions and hand movements enhance understanding. However, written communication lacks these visual cues, making presentational codes ineffective in such formats.

Since Assertion (A) is incorrect but Reason (R) is correct, the correct answer is (D). Non-verbal communication heavily depends on presentational codes in real-time interactions. While other non-verbal elements, such as symbols and images, exist in different communication forms, they do not replace the impact of gestures and expressions in direct communication.