One of the long-term and indirect influences of mass communication is: 

(A) traditionalisation

(B) socialisation

(C) contemporisation

(D) routinization

Correct Ans: (D)

Explanation:

Routinization is one of the long-term and indirect influences of mass communication. It refers to the process where behaviors and practices become regularized and predictable over time. Mass media plays a key role in this process by shaping how people interact with the world. Through constant exposure to media messages, people begin to adopt certain routines or habits, such as watching specific television shows, using social media platforms regularly, or following the latest news.

As a result, mass communication contributes to making these behaviors a part of daily life. Over time, this leads to a more standardized way of living, where people’s actions become more predictable based on media influences.

In conclusion, routinization is a powerful, long-term influence of mass communication, impacting how individuals and societies function daily. This process not only affects personal habits but also shapes cultural norms over time.