Match List – I (Concepts) with List – II (Authors Associated with).
| List I (Concepts) | List II (Authors Associated with) |
| (a) Ideology | (i) Claude Levi Strauss |
| (b) Hegemony | (ii) Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak |
| (c) Subaltern- Studies | (iii) Louis Althussar |
| (d) Structuralism | (iv) Antonio Gramci |
| Codes: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| (A) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (B) | (iv) | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |
| (C) | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
| (D) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) |
Correct Ans: (B)
Explanation:
Antonio Gramsci introduced Hegemony, which explains how dominant groups maintain control in society. Moreover, they achieve this control not just through force but by leading culturally and ideologically. Therefore, his theory highlights the subtle ways cultural norms and values shape power dynamics.
Similarly, Louis Althusser contributed significantly to the understanding of Ideology. He showed how ideologies work through institutions and practices. As a result, they shape individuals’ perceptions of reality and sustain societal power structures.
Meanwhile, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak made her mark with her work on Subaltern Studies. Specifically, she critiqued the exclusion of marginalized voices from dominant narratives. Consequently, her contributions have been foundational to postcolonial theory.
At the same time, Claude Lévi-Strauss, known as the founder of Structuralism, explored universal patterns in human culture. In particular, he analyzed myths, languages, and traditions to uncover shared structures underlying cultural phenomena. Thus, his work provided a framework for understanding cultural similarities across societies.
In conclusion, the correct associations are:
(a) Ideology – (iii) Louis Althusser
(b) Hegemony – (iv) Antonio Gramsci
(c) Subaltern Studies – (ii) Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
(d) Structuralism – (i) Claude Lévi-Strauss
