Westerstahl conceptualised scheme to achieve objectivity in reporting. Which is the correct scheme? 

 (A) Truth – relevance – non-partisanship – neutrality. 

 (B) Truth – cognition – balance – neutrality. 

 (C) Truth – relevance – balance – emotion. 

 (D) Truth – cognition – balance – sensation. 

Correct Ans: (D)

Explanation:

Objectivity in journalism has always been a key concern. Reporters must present news fairly, accurately, and without bias. Swedish media scholar Johan Westerståhl developed a framework to define and achieve objectivity in reporting. His model focuses on four essential elements.

1. Truth – First and foremost, every news report should be based on verified facts. Misinformation or distortion must be avoided. Journalists should ensure that all details presented are accurate and reliable.
2. Cognition – Furthermore, news should enhance understanding. Reporters should provide enough context so audiences can grasp the significance of an event. The goal is not just to inform but also to educate.
3. Balance – Additionally, balance plays a crucial role. A news report must represent multiple viewpoints rather than favoring one side. By including different perspectives, journalism ensures fairness and avoids one-sided narratives.
4. Sensation – Finally, Westerståhl acknowledges that news often appeals to emotions. However, instead of relying on exaggeration, journalism should present information in an engaging yet responsible manner. Sensationalism should not overshadow facts.

In conclusion, Westerståhl’s model provides a structured approach to achieving objectivity in news reporting. It ensures that journalism remains truthful, informative, fair, and engaging while avoiding bias or distortion.