The snowball sampling method is useful when the universe is small and

(A) Scattered

(B) Specific

(C) general

(D) Concentrated

Correct Ans: (B)

Explanation:

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method that helps researchers access hard-to-reach or specific populations. This method is particularly useful when the universe is small and direct access to respondents is difficult.

In this technique, researchers identify an initial respondent who fits the study’s criteria. This respondent then refers others with similar characteristics, creating a chain of participants. For example, if a researcher is studying underground artists, they may start with one known artist and rely on referrals to find more.

This method is especially effective for studying niche groups, such as drug users, refugees, or secretive communities. These groups are often difficult to reach through traditional methods like random sampling or surveys. By leveraging personal connections, snowball sampling ensures better participation and data collection.

However, the method has limitations. Since referrals come from within the same network, there is a high risk of bias. Participants may have similar experiences, leading to less diverse data. Additionally, privacy concerns arise, as participants may hesitate to refer others due to sensitive topics.

To minimize bias, researchers should diversify initial contacts and avoid over-reliance on a single network. Despite its challenges, snowball sampling remains an efficient tool for exploring small and specific populations, making it valuable in qualitative research and social sciences.