Television viewing is considered as (A) a business process (B) a negative process (C) an active process (D) a formal process Correct Ans: (C) Explanation:Television viewing is generally considered an active process. Viewers engage with the content, interpret it, and often respond emotionally or intellectually. Unlike passive activities, where people simply absorb information, watching TV […]
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Placing a unit of analysis into a content category is called (A) Decoding (B) Coding (C) Messaging (D) Texting Correct Ans: (B) Explanation:Mass media researchers use coding when they place a unit of analysis into a specific content category. This step plays a central role in content analysis, which is a key research method in
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The protagonist of cultural imperialism theory was (A) D. R. Mankekar (B) William Hachten (C) Dennis Morris (D) Everett Dennis Correct Ans: (A) Explanation:D. R. Mankekar stood as a key figure in the development of cultural imperialism theory, which critiques the global flow of media. This theory argues that Western countries, especially the United States,
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John Fiske considers speech as a (A) non-contiguous code (B) social code (C) unreal code (D) disabling code Correct Ans: (B) Explanation:John Fiske, a renowned media theorist, firmly identifies speech as a social code. He explains that codes, including speech, shape how people create, transmit, and interpret meaning in social contexts. Speech, in particular, reflects
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The term ‘audiences’ recognizes __________ of media consumers. (A) the homogeneity (B) the heterogeneity (C) the passiveness (D) the resistance Correct Ans: (B) Explanation:The term ‘audiences’ in media studies does not assume a single, uniform group. Instead, it recognizes the diversity or heterogeneity among media consumers. This concept became especially significant as scholars moved away
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Another communication’ is (A) receiver-centric (B) sender-centric (C) channel-centric (D) technology-centric Correct Ans: (A) Explanation:The term ‘Another Communication’ challenges the traditional sender-centric model of communication. Instead of prioritizing the sender’s intent or the message itself, this model places the receiver at the center of the communication process. It emphasizes how audiences actively interpret, engage with,
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In communication, pleasure results from a particular relationship between meanings and _______. (A) contentions (B) power (C) manipulation (D) isolation Correct Ans: (B) Explanation:In communication, pleasure often emerges from how audiences interpret meanings in relation to power structures. Meaning is not produced in a vacuum. Instead, it interacts with power—social, cultural, political, or economic—to shape
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In semiotics, smoke is considered as (A) vertical communication (B) horizontal communication (C) circular communication (D) indexial communication Correct Ans: (D) Explanation:In semiotics, smoke serves as a classic example of indexical communication. This type of communication relies on signs that have a direct, causal, or physical connection with what they signify. Charles Sanders Peirce, a
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