Match the following:
| List I- (Author) | List II-(Idea) |
| (a) Roland Barthes | (i) Negotiated code |
| (b) Stuart Hall | (ii) Communication test |
| (c) John Fiske | (iii) Radical system |
| (d) F. Parkin | (iv) Anchorage |
| Codes: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| (A) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| (B) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| (C) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) | (iii) |
| (D) | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
Correct Ans: (B)
Explanation:
Let’s analyze each theorist and their core idea to match them correctly:
- (a) Roland Barthes – (iv) Anchorage
Barthes, a French semiotician, introduced the idea of “anchorage” in his theory of semiotics. He explained how captions or textual elements anchor the meaning of images in media texts, helping direct interpretation and reduce ambiguity. - (b) Stuart Hall – (i) Negotiated code
Hall, a foundational figure in cultural studies, developed the encoding/decoding model, where he described audience readings as dominant, negotiated, or oppositional. The negotiated code reflects how audiences accept some aspects of media messages but reject or reinterpret others. - (c) John Fiske – (ii) Communication test
Fiske emphasized active audience interpretation and semiotic democracy. In media analysis, the communication test refers to assessing how audiences derive different meanings from texts, emphasizing polysemy and participatory decoding. - (d) F. Parkin – (iii) Radical system
Parkin, a Marxist sociologist, contributed to theories about social closure and class structures. His radical system critiques traditional liberal approaches and supports a more structuralist and transformative outlook on media and class.
Therefore, the correct matches are:
- (a) Roland Barthes → (iv) Anchorage
- (b) Stuart Hall → (i) Negotiated code
- (c) John Fiske → (ii) Communication test
- (d) F. Parkin → (iii) Radical system
This sequence corresponds exactly to Option (B).
Each match reflects a critical idea in the evolution of communication and media theory, showing how these theorists helped shape the modern understanding of how messages are constructed, interpreted, and contested.
