The presence of an extraneous variable in media research indicates (A) Reliability (B) Mobility (C) Lack of internal validity (D) Presence of validity Correct Ans: (C) Explanation: Extraneous variables influence the outcomes of media research, often leading to a lack of internal validity. Internal validity refers to the accuracy of a study in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. Therefore, when extraneous variables interfere, they create uncertainty about whether the observed effects result from the intended independent variable or other uncontrolled factors. Moreover, extraneous variables can take many forms, such as environmental conditions, participant differences, or measurement inconsistencies. For example, in a study measuring media influence on public opinion, differences in participants’ prior knowledge or exposure to other media sources can distort the results. Consequently, researchers must control these factors to maintain validity. In addition, failing to address extraneous variables can lead to biased findings. When uncontrolled variables influence the outcome, researchers cannot confidently attribute changes to the studied factor. Therefore, proper research design, randomization, and statistical controls are essential to minimize their impact. Furthermore, internal validity is critical in media studies, where researchers analyze audience behavior, media effects, and communication patterns. If a study lacks internal validity, its conclusions become questionable. As a result, researchers must carefully design their studies to eliminate or account for extraneous variables. To conclude, the presence of extraneous variables in media research reduces internal validity, making results less reliable. Controlling these variables ensures accurate conclusions, strengthening the credibility of research findings. Therefore, researchers must take proactive steps to minimize their influence.