Match List I (Communication model) with List II (Author): 

List I (Communication model)	List II (Author)
(a)  Sociological view of communication	(i) Mc Combs and Shaw
(b)  Spiral of Silence	(ii) De Fleur
(c)  Agenda Setting	(iii) Riley and Riley
(d)  Dependency	(iv) Galthung and Ruge
(e)   Selective gate-keeping	(v) Noelle-Neumann

Codes:	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)	(e)
(A)	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(v)	(ii)
(B)	(iv)	(i)	(v)	(ii)	(iii)
(C)	(i)	(iii)	(iv)	(v)	(ii)
(D)	(iii)	(v)	(i)	(ii)	(iv)

Correct Ans: (D)

Explanation:

Scholars have developed various communication models to explain how messages are created, transmitted, and received. Moreover, these models shape media studies, public opinion research, and audience behavior analysis. Let’s explore each model and its significance.

Riley and Riley Developed the Sociological View of Communication

Riley and Riley emphasized how social structures shape communication patterns. They argued that communication does not happen in isolation but depends on cultural norms, social groups, and institutions. As a result, their model highlights the interaction between interpersonal and mass communication within society.

Noelle-Neumann Proposed the Spiral of Silence

Noelle-Neumann introduced the Spiral of Silence theory to explain why people hesitate to express minority opinions. Specifically, she suggested that individuals fear social isolation, which leads them to conform to dominant viewpoints. Furthermore, mass media reinforces public opinion trends. Consequently, researchers frequently apply this theory in political communication and public discourse studies.

McCombs and Shaw Introduced the Agenda-Setting Theory

McCombs and Shaw explored how media influences public priorities through their Agenda-Setting theory. They emphasized that the media does not tell people what to think, but rather, what to think about. In other words, news outlets highlight certain topics, making them more important in public discussions. Therefore, this model plays a significant role in political campaigns and media research.

De Fleur Formulated the Dependency Theory

De Fleur’s Dependency Theory explains how audiences rely on media for information, entertainment, and socialization. He asserted that people depend more on media during crises, uncertainty, or social change. Moreover, the level of dependency varies based on individuals’ needs and media access. Thus, researchers use this model to understand media influence on attitudes and behaviors.

Galtung and Ruge Created the Selective Gate-Keeping Model

Galtung and Ruge developed the Selective Gate-Keeping model to explain how journalists filter news before publishing it. They proposed that editors and reporters act as gatekeepers who decide which stories reach the public. Additionally, they identified several factors—such as timeliness, relevance, and audience interest—that shape news selection. As a result, this model helps explain media bias and news framing.

Overall, these communication models help researchers understand how media functions and influences society. Therefore, they remain fundamental in media studies, journalism, and public relations research.