Q. Research “NOIR” is: (December 2022, UGC NET)

1. Natural, Ordinary, Informational, Research

2. Non-functional, Ordinal, Interval, Research

3. Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio

4. National, Ordinary. Informational, Ratio

Correct Ans: (3)

Explanation: NOIR stands for the four levels of measurement used in research: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio. These levels represent different ways of categorizing and quantifying data. Nominal involves labeling without any order, Ordinal indicates order but not the exact differences, Interval measures the exact differences but lacks a true zero, and Ratio has all the properties of the previous levels, including a true zero, allowing for meaningful comparisons and calculations.