Match List – I with List – II: List – I (Critic)List –II (Theoretical Area)(a) Robert Merton1. Social Conflict(b) Herbert Spencer2. Symbolic Interactionism(c) C. H. Cooley3. Structural Functionalism(d) Ralph Dahrendorf4. Laissez-faire in Evolutionary Perspective Codes:(a)(b)(c)(d)(A)4231(B)3421(C)1234(D)2312 Correct Ans: (B) Explanation: Understanding media theories begins with understanding their originators. Each thinker brought a unique perspective. Their theories continue to shape how we interpret communication in society today. To start with, Robert Merton advanced the idea of Structural Functionalism. He believed every part of society served a purpose. Thus, he viewed media as a tool for maintaining balance. For example, news channels inform, educate, and reinforce shared values. As a result, they help stabilize society. Meanwhile, Herbert Spencer approached society from an evolutionary standpoint. He introduced the concept of Laissez-faire in Evolutionary Perspective. According to him, just like organisms, societies evolve naturally. Consequently, media systems should grow without interference. This view helped frame early discussions about media independence and growth. On the other hand, C. H. Cooley focused on Symbolic Interactionism. He argued that people form their self-image through interaction. He introduced the idea of the “looking-glass self.” In today’s terms, this relates to how social media shapes identity. Therefore, his work still applies to modern communication. Finally, Ralph Dahrendorf emphasized Social Conflict Theory. He saw society as a battleground of interests. As power shifts, conflict arises. Accordingly, his theory helps analyze how media reflect dominant power structures. It also explains bias and ownership issues in the press. In conclusion, each scholar provided a lens through which we can study media. Their ideas differ, yet all contribute to our understanding of mass communication. Together, they offer powerful tools for analysis in a fast-changing media landscape.