Assertion (A): In organic model of development, problems are posed to the beneficiaries. Reason (R): Since beneficiaries are helpless, they are tested with goals of self-development. Codes: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true. (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Ans: (C) Explanation: The organic model of development allows communities to identify and solve problems through active participation. This model promotes empowerment, critical thinking, and collective decision-making. Development programs use this approach to engage people rather than impose top-down solutions. The assertion (A) states that development models pose problems to beneficiaries, which is correct because this method encourages participation. However, the reason (R) claims that beneficiaries feel helpless and must be tested with self-development goals, which is incorrect. The organic model recognizes their abilities and helps them build on their strengths. Instead of testing them, it provides opportunities for growth and active involvement. Since assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false, the correct answer is (C). The organic model fosters collaboration, problem-solving, and sustainable development. It ensures that communities take ownership of their progress rather than passively receiving aid.