Assertion (A): Theories of social change emphasize that individual must change to bring in positive change in society. Reason (R): In traditional societies, individual change depends on various factors and traditional values influence the individual. Both (A) and (R) are true. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (A) is true, but (R) is false. (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Ans: (A) Explanation: The theories of social change consistently stress that real progress begins at the individual level. Without personal transformation, collective development remains slow or stagnant. These theories highlight how a single person's change in mindset or behavior can ripple across a community. For instance, one person adopting a healthier lifestyle can influence peers and spark wider public health awareness. The assertion underlines this core idea. It states that individuals must evolve for society to experience positive change. This viewpoint aligns with both historical and modern reform movements. Often, key changes in history began with individuals who challenged the norm. The reason also holds true. In traditional societies, change does not occur in isolation. Many cultural, familial, and religious factors influence an individual’s openness to change. Traditional values, in particular, can shape attitudes and either encourage or hinder transformation. In such contexts, people may resist change due to fear of social rejection or a strong sense of community loyalty. While the assertion focuses on the importance of individual change, the reason explains why that change is not always easy. Both statements are valid, yet the reason does not fully explain the assertion. Instead, it complements it by offering additional context. To conclude, theories of social change suggest that progress starts with individuals, but cultural settings heavily influence their ability to change. Correct Answer: (A) – Both (A) and (R) are true.