Indian Political System- Chapter-wise Quiz Khelo- NTA UGC NET

Tushar Mehta is the Solicitor General of India which is subordinate to the attorney general of India.

Article 19(1)(a) says that all citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression.

State election commission carries out activities related to preparation of wards / election division as per local bodies rules, decision of boundaries and distribution of seats along with preparation of voters list for the local bodies organizations like Gram Panchayat, Taluka and District Panchayat / Municipality.

371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.

Judicial activism, an approach to the exercise of judicial review, or a description of a particular judicial decision, in which a judge is generally considered more willing to decide constitutional issues and to invalidate legislative or executive actions.

Social auditing is a process for evaluating, reporting on, and improving an organization’s performance and behavior, and for measuring its effects on society.

The Citizen’s Charter was a British political initiative launched by the then Prime Minister, John Major (wiki) which aim is to improve public services in the country like ‘making administration accountable and citizen friendly and ‘ensuring transparency and the right to information’. (reference:- wikipedia)

Article 120- Provided that the Chairman of the Council of States or Speaker of the House of the People, or person acting as such, as the case may be, may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or in English to address the House in his mother-tongue. (rajbhasha.nic.in)

Legislature of the Union, which is called Parliament, consists of the President and two Houses, known as Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and House of the People (Lok Sabha). Each House has to meet within six months of its previous sitting. (knowindia.gov.in)

Distance learning helps the students with flexible studying hours which can help you to continue the job of your interest without any hindrance and can contribute towards the nation’s overall development.(thehighereducationreview)

The basic objective of the Right to Information Act is to empower the citizens, promote transparency and accountability in the working of the Public Authorities, contain corruption, and make our democracy work for the people in real sense. (apgvbank.in)

In India, the principles of natural justice are firmly grounded in Article 14 & 21 of the Constitution. With the introduction of concept of substantive and procedural due process in Article 21, all that fairness which is included in the principles of natural justice can be read into Art. 21.(legalservicesindia)

The President of India is the ceremonial head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. (wikipedia)

. The governor appoints the chief minister of a state. He or she also appoints the Advocate General and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission. Apart from this, State Election Commissioner is also appointed by the Governor (though removed by the President).(wikipedia)

Two years, term can be extended. The Finance Secretary is the administrative head of the Ministry of Finance. This post is held by senior IAS officer of the rank of Secretary to Government of India. The current Finance Secretary is Ajay Bhushan Pandey.

38. The first ARC was established on 5 January 1966. The Administrative Reforms Commission was initially chaired by Morarji Desai, and later on K. Hanumanthaiah became its chairman when Desai became the Deputy Prime Minister of India. (wikipedia)

Paul Henson Appleby was an important American theorist of public administration in democracies. Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on Indian Administration. (wikipedia)

In 1962, Lal Bahadur Sastri appointed Santhanam to preside over the committee on anti-corruption. Because of its thorough investigative work and recommendations, the Committee earned a reputation as Santhanam’s Committee on Anti-Corruption. (wikipedia)

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) was constituted on 31 August 2005, as a Commission of Inquiry, under the Chairmanship of Veerappa Moily for preparing a detailed blueprint for revamping the public administrative system.

The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.

The gram panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a Ward Member or Commissioner, also referred to as a Panch or Panchayat Member, who is directly elected by the villagers. The panchayat is chaired by the president of the village, known as a Sarpanch.

Right to constitutional remedies (Articles 32 to 35) empowers the citizens to move to a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights.

District administration in India is a legacy of the British Raj. The position of District Collector was created by Warren Hastings in 1772. The main functions of the district collector were to supervise general administration, to collect land revenue and to maintain law and order in the district. He was the head of the revenue organization.

The Fundamental Duties’ are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation.

Although the Article 53 of the Constitution of India states that the president can exercise his powers directly or by subordinate authority, with few exceptions, all of the executive powers vested in the president are, in practice, exercised by the prime minister (a subordinate authority) with the help of the Council of Ministers.

The president appoints a person who is qualified to be a judge of Supreme Court, to the Attorney General of India.

• The 15th and current Attorney General is K.K Venugopal.
• Attorney General of India is the highest law officer of the country. He is responsible to assist the government legal matters.
• He has the right of audience in all the courts of the country.
• He has the right to take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
• He has a fixed tenure.
• M C Setalvad was the first Attorney General of India.

Rashtrapati Mahoday should be used in place of Mahamahim. His Excellency will be discontinued and the word Hon’ble will be used before the title of president or governor. The traditional Indian greetings of “Shri” and “Smt” should precede the name.

Central Government can acquire control over the budget and expenditure of states.

• Salaries of the judges of the High Court, Supreme Court, IAS and IPS can be reduced.
• Under Article 360, the president can declare financial emergency.

Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act 2005, is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the ‘right to work’. This act was passed in September 2005.

The National Social Assistance Programme is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Government of India that provides financial assistance to the elderly, widows and persons with disabilities in the form of social pensions.

Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana, previously Indira Awaas Yojana, is a social welfare flagship programme, created by the Indian Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India. A similar scheme for urban poor was launched in 2015 as Housing for All by 2022.

The Mid-day Meal Scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India designed to better the nutritional standing of school-age children nationwide.

As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age of 65. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde is the 47th Chief Justice of India.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India. The speaker is elected generally in the first meeting of the Lok Sabha following general elections.

The National Advisory Council of India was an advisory body set up by the first United Progressive Alliance government to advise the Prime Minister of India.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed by the Parliament in April1993. The Amendment provided a Constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in India through insertion of Article 243 to Part IX of Indian Constitution.

Meghalaya and Mizoram enjoys the benefit of reservation of seats in their respective state assemblies. The regions of Meghalaya are represented in the Assembly, with 29 members elected from Khasi Hills, 7 from Jaintia Hills and 24 from Garo Hills. The Mizoram Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Mizoram state in north-eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Aizawal, the capital of the state. The Legislative Assembly comprise 40 Members of Legislative Assembly directly elected from single-seat constituencies.

Following are the ways of acquiring Indian citizenship:

• Citizenship by Birth
• Citizen by Registration
• Citizen by Registration
• Citizen by Naturalisation
• Citizen by incorporation of Territory
• Amendment in the citizenship Act

Original jurisdiction of a court refers to a matter for which the particular court is approached first. In the case of the Supreme Court in India, its original jurisdiction is covered under Article 131. It involves the following cases: Any dispute between the Indian Government and one or more States.

The Central Information commission was established in 2005 by the Government of India under the provisions of the Right to Information Act (2005). The Central Information Commission is plays an important role in maintaining transparency in the system of the governance which is essential in the democracy.

The Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio chairman of the Planning Commission. The Deputy Chairman is the de-facto executive head of the Commission. After India achieved independence, a formal model of planning was adopted, and accordingly the Planning Commission, reporting directly to the Prime Minister of India, was established on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the Chairman.

Public order, police, public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries, betting and gambling are some of the subjects that come under the state. The Concurrent List includes subjects that give powers to both the Centre and state governments. By having education in the Concurrent list, the Centre can implement directly any policy decision in the States.

Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University is a Central University located in Srinagar town in the Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state in northern India.

Visva-Bharati University is a public central university and an Institution of National Importance located in Santiniketan, West Bengal, India.

A Lokpal is an anti-corruption authority or body of ombudsman who represents the public interest in the Republic of India. The current Chairperson of Lokpal is Pinaki Chandra Ghose.

Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law.

A nine-judge bench of the Supreme Court headed by Chief Justice JS Khehar, ruled on August 24, 2017, that the Right to Privacy is a fundamental right for Indian citizens under the Constitution of India (mostly under Article 21 and additionally under Part III rights).

Legislative power is constitutionally vested by the Parliament of India of which the president is the head, to facilitate the lawmaking process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The president summons both the houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) of the parliament and prorogues them.

Legislative power is constitutionally vested by the Parliament of India of which the president is the head, to facilitate the lawmaking process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The president summons both the houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) of the parliament and prorogues them.

Article 85(1) of the Constitution empowers the President to summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one Session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next Session.

The Lok Sabha, or House of the People, is the lower house of India’s bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha.

Public order as an item figures in Article 19(2) of the Indian constitution. It states that the government has the right to impose restrictions on freedom of expression and speech to maintain public order.(

The Advocate General is the highest law officer in the state. He is responsible to assist the state government in all its legal matters. He defends and protects the interest of the state government. The office of the Advocate General in state corresponds to the office of Attorney General of India.

Supreme court is called the guardian of the constitution because the supreme court is given the power to protect ,safeguard,and uphold the constitution and empower to declare a law null and void if it is found to be in consistant with the constitution.

The Fundamental Duties’ are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation.

The NITI Aayog is National Institution for Transforming India. It is a policy think tank that was established to achieve sustainable development goals through cooperative federalism. Cooperative Federalism encourage healthy competition among states. NITI aayog was established in 2015 replacing Planning Commission.

National Judicial Appointments Commission was a proposed body which would have been responsible for the appointment and transfer of judges to the higher judiciary in India.

The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. It currently has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through Open Ballot while the President can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services.

The Governor of a State shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remission of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends.

The principle of natural justice or fairness is the sine qua non of a democratic government. Principles of natural justice includes: (a) Rule against bias: Bias may include: (i) Personal Bias; (ii) Pecuniary Bias ; (iii) Subject-matter Bias; (iv) Departmental Bias; (v) Preconceived notion bias.

In the 28 member council, 5 are members of the lower house (Lok Sabha) and upper house (Rajya Sabha) of the Indian parliament. Justice Chandramauli Kumar Prasad is Chairman of the Council as of 2015.

Article 356 state that the president can invoke president rule in a state on the report of the governor if the state machinery/legislature fails to abide by constitutional norms.

The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court.

Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal offense undertaken by a person or organization entrusted with a position of authority, to acquire illicit benefit or abuse power for one’s private gain.

As Governor holds office at the “pleasure of the President”, Governor can be removed by the President directly. Because of the lack of “impeachment” procedure of the Governor in the Constitution, removal of the Governor had been always contentious.

The Central Information Commission is a statutory body, set up under the Right to Information Act in 2005 plays an important role in maintaining transparency in the system of the governance which is essential in the democracy.

Central Vigilance Commission is an apex Indian governmental body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption. (wikipedia)

The National Human Rights Commission of India is a Statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.

Gender budgeting means preparing budgets or analyzing them from a gender perspective. Also referred to as gender-sensitive budgeting, this practice does not entail dividing budgets for women.

Citizens’ Charters initiative is a response to the quest for solving the problems which a citizen encounters, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. The concept of Citizens’ Charter enshrines the trust between the service provider and its users.

The electoral college consists of Elected members of both the houses of Parliament i.e Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Plus the Elected members of lower house of State assembly ( Vidhan Sabha). If the chief minister is not the member of Vidhan Sabha and has come through indirect route of Vidhan Parishad, then he stands ineligible to vote in the President elections. This is the case of Uttar Pradesh but not same for all the other states. If chief minister is part of Vidhan Sabha he can vote in Presidential elections.